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Courbet-class battleship
The ''Courbet'' class battleships were the first dreadnoughts built for the French Navy before World War I. The class comprised four ships: , , , and . All four ships were deployed to the Mediterranean Sea for the entirety of World War I, spending most of their time escorting French troop convoys from North Africa and covering the Otranto Barrage. An Anglo-French fleet led by ''Courbet'' succeeded in sinking the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser in the Battle of Antivari. ''Jean Bart'' was torpedoed in the bow by on 21 December 1914, but she was able to steam to Malta for repairs.
''France'' sank after striking a rock in Quiberon Bay in 1922. Between the wars the surviving ships were modernised several times, but they were not rebuilt thoroughly enough to prevent them from becoming obsolete in comparison to modern German or Italian battleships. They were relegated to training duties during the 1930s. ''Courbet'' and ''Paris'' escaped to Portsmouth where they became depot and accommodation ships after the French armistice in 1940. ''Jean Bart'' was demilitarised, renamed ''Océan'', and became a school hulk in Toulon. She was captured there on 27 November 1942, although she was not scuttled. She was used for experiments with large shaped charge warheads by the Germans until she was sunk by the Allies in 1944, later broken up in place in 1945. ''Courbet'' was scuttled on 9 June 1944 as a breakwater for the Mulberry harbour used during the Battle of Normandy.
==Design==
Concerned about underwater hits, the class's French designers decided to extend the waterline armour belt well below the waterline as compared to their contemporaries. The main armour was also thinner than that of its British or German counterparts, but covered more area. Their secondary armament was of a smaller size than the guns used by the Germans or the British guns, but the French placed a premium on rate of fire rather than size, in order stop torpedo boats before they got within torpedo range.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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